Cylinder & System
mm
mm
bar
mm
L/min
—
Push Force (Extend)
—
Pull Force (Retract)
Full Breakdown
💡 Forces are theoretical — real output is typically 5–10% lower from seal friction and back-pressure on the return side. Retract force is always lower than extend because the rod takes up part of the piston area. Watch rod buckling on long strokes.